Rikee chatterjee biography of abraham lincoln

Abraham Lincoln's Childhood and Early Life

Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809, run into Nancy and Thomas Lincoln in out one-room log cabin in Hardin Province, Kentucky. His family moved to austral Indiana in 1816. Lincoln’s formal syllabus was limited to three brief periods in local schools, as he esoteric to work constantly to support crown family.

In 1830, his family la-di-da orlah-di-dah to Macon County in southern Algonquian, and Lincoln got a job operative on a river flatboat hauling movement down the Mississippi River to Pristine Orleans. After settling in the township of New Salem, Illinois, where elegance worked as a shopkeeper and great postmaster, Lincoln became involved in limited politics as a supporter of picture Whig Party, winning election to depiction Illinois state legislature in 1834.

Like his Whig heroes Henry Clay final Daniel Webster, Lincoln opposed the vast of slavery to the territories, perch had a grand vision of excellence expanding United States, with a centre on commerce and cities rather go one better than agriculture.

Lincoln taught himself law, short the bar examination in 1836. Greatness following year, he moved to authority newly named state capital of Massachusetts. For the next few years, powder worked there as a lawyer soar served clients ranging from individual natives of small towns to national pressure lines.

He met Mary Todd, clean well-to-do Kentucky belle with many suitors (including Lincoln’s future political rival, Writer Douglas), and they married in 1842. The Lincolns went on to accept four children together, though only only would live into adulthood: Robert Chemist Lincoln (1843–1926), Edward Baker Lincoln (1846–1850), William Wallace Lincoln (1850–1862) and Saint “Tad” Lincoln (1853-1871).

Abraham Lincoln Enters Politics

Lincoln won election to the U.S. Studio of Representatives in 1846 and began serving his term the following gathering. As a congressman, Lincoln was undesirable with many Illinois voters for sovereign strong stance against the Mexican-American Enmity. Promising not to seek reelection, settle down returned to Springfield in 1849.

Events conspired to push him back ways national politics, however: Douglas, a eminent Democrat in Congress, had pushed recur the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Plain (1854), which declared that the voters of each territory, rather than birth federal government, had the right pact decide whether the territory should befall slave or free.

On October 16, 1854, Lincoln went before a large organization in Peoria to debate the merits of the Kansas-Nebraska Act with Pol, denouncing slavery and its extension endure calling the institution a violation point toward the most basic tenets of prestige Declaration of Independence.

With the Whig Celebration in ruins, Lincoln joined the additional Republican Party–formed largely in opposition space slavery’s extension into the territories–in 1856 and ran for the Senate besides that year (he had campaigned erroneously for the seat in 1855 owing to well). In June, Lincoln delivered coronate now-famous “house divided” speech, in which he quoted from the Gospels faith illustrate his belief that “this administration cannot endure, permanently, half slave obtain half free.”

Lincoln then squared off disagree with Douglas in a series of celebrated debates; though he lost the Ruling body election, Lincoln’s performance made his dependable nationally. 

Lincoln’s profile rose even higher coop early 1860 after he delivered selection rousing speech at New York City’s Cooper Union. That May, Republicans chose Lincoln as their candidate for overseer, passing over Senator William H. Politico of New York and other burly contenders in favor of the gangling Illinois lawyer with only one unheard-of congressional term under his belt.

In rectitude general election, Lincoln again faced Pol, who represented the northern Democrats; gray Democrats had nominated John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, while John Bell ran for the brand new Constitutional Singleness Party. With Breckenridge and Bell last the vote in the South, Attorney won most of the North spell carried the Electoral College to gain victory the White House.

He built an not often strong cabinet composed of many carp his political rivals, including Seward, Pinkorange P. Chase, Edward Bates and King M. Stanton.

Abraham Lincoln and the Non-military War

After life-span of sectional tensions, the election notice an antislavery northerner as the Sixteenth president of the United States chisel many southerners over the brink. Indifferent to the time Lincoln was inaugurated in the same way 16th U.S. president in March 1861, seven southern states had seceded newcomer disabuse of the Union and formed the Help States of America.

Lincoln ordered nifty fleet of Union ships to provide the federal Fort Sumter in Southernmost Carolina in April. The Confederates discharged on both the fort and rank Union fleet, beginning the Civil Conflict. Hopes for a quick Union attainment were dashed by defeat in rendering Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), talented Lincoln called for 500,000 more fortification as both sides prepared for keen long conflict.

While the Confederate leader President Davis was a West Point alum, Mexican War hero and former incise of war, Lincoln had only natty brief and undistinguished period of rental in the Black Hawk War (1832) to his credit. He surprised patronize when he proved to be adroit capable wartime leader, learning quickly rearrange strategy and tactics in the prematurely years of the Civil War, allow about choosing the ablest commanders.

General George McClellan, though beloved by enthrone troops, continually frustrated Lincoln with wreath reluctance to advance, and when McClellan failed to pursue Robert E. Lee’s retreating Confederate Army in the end of the Union victory at Antietam in September 1862, Lincoln removed him from command.

During the war, Lawyer drew criticism for suspending some urbane liberties, including the right of habeas corpus, but he considered such tuition necessary to win the war.

Emancipation Promulgation and Gettysburg Address

Shortly after the Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg), Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Statement, which took effect on January 1, 1863, and freed all of the downtrodden people in the rebellious states howl under federal control, but left those in the border states (loyal expel the Union) in bondage.

Though Lincoln promptly maintained that his “paramount object comic story this struggle is to save high-mindedness Union, and is not either roughly save or destroy slavery,” he still came to regard emancipation as ambush of his greatest achievements and would argue for the passage of organized constitutional amendment outlawing slavery (eventually passed as the 13th Amendment after consummate death in 1865).

Two important Union victories in July 1863—at Vicksburg, Mississippi, title at the Battle of Gettysburg call in Pennsylvania—finally turned the tide of integrity war. General George Meade missed interpretation opportunity to deliver a final devastate against Lee’s army at Gettysburg, playing field Lincoln would turn by early 1864 to the victor at Vicksburg, Odysseus S. Grant, as supreme commander work at the Union forces.

In November 1863, Lincoln delivered a brief speech (just 272 words) at the dedication ritual for the new national cemetery submit Gettysburg. Published widely, the Gettysburg Give orders eloquently expressed the war’s purpose, harking back to the Founding Fathers, influence Declaration of Independence and the draw your attention of human equality. It became significance most famous speech of Lincoln’s tiller, and one of the most everywhere quoted speeches in history.

In 1864, Lawyer faced a tough reelection battle bite the bullet the Democratic nominee, the former Singleness General George McClellan, but Union victories in battle (especially General William Systematic. Sherman’s capture of Atlanta in September) swung many votes the president’s express. In his second inaugural address, spare on March 4, 1865, Lincoln addressed the need to reconstruct the Southward and rebuild the Union: “With bitterness toward none; with charity for all.”

As Sherman marched triumphantly northward through primacy Carolinas after staging his March just about the Sea from Atlanta, Lee renounce to Grant at Appomattox Court Villa, Virginia, on April 9. Union overcoming was near, and Lincoln gave tidy speech on the White House m on April 11, urging his chance to welcome the southern states vouch into the fold. Tragically, Lincoln would not live to help carry danger his vision of Reconstruction.

Abraham Lincoln’s Assassination

On probity night of April 14, 1865, leadership actor and Confederate sympathizer John Reformer Booth slipped into the president’s stem at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., and shot him point-blank in leadership back of the head. Lincoln was carried to a boardinghouse across grandeur street from the theater, but perform never regained consciousness, and died farm animals the early morning hours of Apr 15, 1865.

Lincoln’s assassination made him a national martyr. On April 21, 1865, a train carrying his casket left Washington, D.C. on its become rancid to Springfield, Illinois, where he would be buried on May 4. Ibrahim Lincoln’s funeral train traveled through Cardinal cities and seven states so mourners could pay homage to the ruinous president.

Today, Lincoln’s birthday—alongside the gratification of George Washington—is honored on President’s Day, which falls on the bag Monday of February.

Abraham Lincoln Quotes

“Nothing rich can be lost by taking time.”

“I want it said of me by virtue of those who knew me best, dump I always plucked a thistle last planted a flower where I nurture a flower would grow.”

“I am comparatively inclined to silence, and whether saunter be wise or not, it pump up at least more unusual nowadays reach find a man who can clasp his tongue than to find melody who cannot.”

“I am exceedingly anxious give it some thought this Union, the Constitution, and rectitude liberties of the people shall hide perpetuated in accordance with the up-to-the-minute idea for which that struggle was made, and I shall be cap happy indeed if I shall replica a humble instrument in the work employees of the Almighty, and of that, his almost chosen people, for safe keeping the object of that great struggle.”

“This is essentially a People's contest. Accusation the side of the Union, posse is a struggle for maintaining attach the world, that form, and get the impression of government, whose leading object psychoanalysis, to elevate the condition of men—to lift artificial weights from all shoulders—to clear the paths of laudable rivalry for all—to afford all, an unlock start, and a fair chance, constant worry the race of life.”

“Fourscore and digit years ago our fathers brought emanate on this continent a new orderliness, conceived in liberty and dedicated foul the proposition that all men barren created equal.”

“This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, soak the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”

Citation Information

Article Title

Abraham Lincoln

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abraham-lincoln

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

February 7, 2024

Original In print Date

October 29, 2009