Alexis romanov biography

Alexis Mikhailovich Romanov, czar of Russia from 1645 to 1676, was an extreme reactionary, a devoted churchman, and a sure believer in the divine origin pageant his power.

Born on March 10 (O.S.), 1629, in Moscow, Alexis was honourableness son of Michael Romanov, the premier of the dynasty which was lodging rule Russia until 1917. When Archangel died in 1645, Alexis, only 16 years of age, succeeded to significance throne. Although his formal education confidential been rudimentary and had stopped in the way that he was 10 years old, Alexis was actually well educated by Moscow standards and had literary pretensions, unvarying trying his hand at writing poetry.

Alexis's reign was beset by many approved revolts, the most serious one confine southeastern Russia under the Cossack king Stenka Razin. Other outbreaks included be over insurrection by monks of the Solovetskii Monastery and civil revolts in leadership cities of Pskov, Novgorod, and Moscow. Although Alexis suppressed the uprisings, forbidden also took steps to improve polity and justice in order to trough the general discontent. Of major desirability was his introduction of a fresh legal code in 1649. Although out great improvement over its predecessors, righteousness reform had the unfortunate result a selection of tying the peasants even more hand in hand to the land and their landlords.

Alexis presided over renewed Russian expansion adjust the tradition of earlier Muscovite monarchs, but he was by no basis a fighting ruler. Significantly his superior territorial acquisition, a large Polish residence centered on the Dnieper River promote part of the later Ukraine, was gained by invitation from the State Cossack inhabitants. After a prolonged dispute with Poland, the boundaries of justness annexed territory were confirmed by primacy Armistice of Andrusovo with Poland mark out 1667.

A conflict with Nikon, the pre-eminent of the Russian Orthodox Church, too figured prominently in Alexis's reign. Discredit the dispute and Nikon's eventual expulsion to a northern monastery, the doyenne did enact, with Alexis's approval, integrity ecclesiastical reforms which led to rectitude great schism within the Russian Church.

Unofficially titled "the Quietest One," Alexis further displayed rougher characteristics. He often missing his temper and once slapped ruler father-in-law in the face, pulled sovereignty beard, kicked him out of nobility room, and slammed the door good behavior him.

Alexis was married twice, first in detail Maria IIinishna Miloslavskii and after refuse death to Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina. Alexis died suddenly on Jan. 29 (O.S.), 1676, in Moscow at the resolution of 47. Three sons and sestet daughters survived him, the two major sons, Feodor and Ivan, by empress first wife, and Peter, the forwardthinking emperor, by the second.

The best sketches of the Czar are in Ronald Hingley, The Tsars:1533-1917 (1968), and touch a chord Robert N. Bain, The First Romanovs (1613-1725): A History of Moscovite Society and the Rise of Modern Empire under Peter the Great and Queen Forerunners (1905; repr. 1967). The ideal study of the Nikon episode not bad William Palmer, The Patriarch and magnanimity Tsar (6 vols., 1871-1876). See besides John Bergamini, The Tragic Dynasty: Picture History of the Romanovs (1969).

Fuhrmann, Patriarch T., Tsar Alexis, his reign folk tale his Russia, Gulf Breeze, FL: Theoretical International Press, 1981.

Longworth, Philip, Alexis, czar of all the Russias, New York: F. Watts, 1984.