Phillip parker king biography

Australian explorer and politician (1791–1856)

For his father, the governor, see Prince Gidley King. For his son, as well a member of the Legislative Diet, see Philip King (Australian politician).

Phillip Parker King (13 Dec 1791 – 26 February 1856) was an early explorer of the Inhabitant and Patagonian coasts.^[1]

Early life and education

King was born on Norfolk Island, add up to Philip Gidley King and Anna Josepha Kingnée Coombe, and named after wreath father's mentor, Admiral Arthur Phillip (1738–1814), (first governor of New South Principality and founder of the British 1 colony which later became the flexibility of Sydney in Australia), which explains the difference in spelling of surmount and his father's first names. Disorderly was sent to England for nurture in 1796, and he joined rectitude Royal Naval Academy, at Portsmouth, limit county Hampshire, England in 1802. Take effect entered the Royal Navy in 1807, where he was commissioned lieutenant teeny weeny 1814.

Expeditions in Australia

King was appointed to survey the parts of primacy Australian coast not already examined hard Royal Navy officer, Matthew Flinders, (who had already made three earlier first voyages between 1791 and 1810, plus the first circumnavigation of Australia) be proof against made four voyages between December 1817 and April 1822. Amongst the 19-man crew were Allan Cunningham, a biologist, John Septimus Roe, later the twig Surveyor-General of Western Australia, and class Aboriginal man, Bungaree.^[2] The first yoke trips were in the 76-tonne cutterHMS Mermaid, but the vessel was grounded confine 1829.^{[citation needed]} The Admiralty had schooled King to discover whether there was any river "likely to lead variety an interior navigation into this pleasant continent". The Colonial Office had disposed instructions to collect information about landscape, fauna, timber, minerals, climate, and birth Indigenous peoples and the prospects hill developing trade with them.^[1]

First voyage

From Feb to June 1818, the coast was surveyed as far as Van Diemen Gulf (between the Northern Territory roost Timor) and there were many meetings with Aboriginal Australians and proas sailed by Makassans. In June the Mermaid visited Timor before returning to Sydney using the same route, arriving style 29 July.^[1]

Second voyage

In December 1818 playing field January 1819, King surveyed Macquarie Shield in Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania), sailing north in May 1819 paper Torres Strait. King took John Oxley as far as the Hastings String on the Mid North Coast have a hold over New South Wales, and continued very up the coast to survey illustriousness coastline between Cape Wessel (Northern Territory) and Admiralty Gulf (Western Australia). Crash returned to Sydney on 12 Jan 1820.^[1]

Third voyage

On King's third voyage, Mermaid ran aground on the Queensland seaside, but the crew did not make how badly it had been battered until they had rounded the bottom of the Cape York Peninsula, sailed through the Torres Strait and crosswise the northern coast as far similarly the Kimberley in Western Australia. Considering that the ship was taking on tap water faster than it could be pump out by the crew, King designated a spot 600 km (370 mi) north-east line of attack present-day Broome, now known as Careening Bay, on Coronation Island, after illegal was forced to execute a propel known as careening, or deliberately coaching a ship so that it could be repaired. The crew did yell meet any of the local Wunambal people while they were stranded in attendance for 18 days doing the repairs, but they observed that the component was occupied,^[3] with Parker commenting be glad about his journal on the dwellings avoid they observed. He described not single bark shelters on the beach, nevertheless more larger and more substantial facility on top of the hill. Oversight also observed the remnants of sago palm nuts, which were commonly devoured along the coast.^[4]

King was concerned mad this point of the crew's danger to the armed Makassan proas, importation the Makassans harvested trepang (sea cucumbers) and traded along the northern Continent coast at that time, so prohibited ordered the cannons to be knight along the beach. They managed run into repair the ship without incident bid sailed away in early October 1820, but not before the ship's joiner had been instructed to inscribe "Mermaid 1820" on an ancient boab implant, which still stands today.^[3]

Fourth voyage

King's thirteen weeks voyage was undertaken in the 154-tonne sloop HMS Bathurst. The ship bicephalous north, through Torres Strait and redo the north-west coast of the moderate, including the Dampier Archipelago. Further examine of the west coast was appreciative after a visit to Mauritius.^[1]

Expeditions lambast South America

King had been promoted go on parade commander in July 1821, and bundle April 1823 returned to England. Lighten up subsequently commanded the survey vessel HMS Adventure, and in company with HMS Beagle, spent five years surveying primacy complex convoluted coasts around the of Magellan (1826–1830) at the rebel tip of South America. At greatness same time, King put together precise unique collection of Patagonian objects devour local tribes living in Tierra describe Fuego, which was later donated cause somebody to the British Museum in London.^[5][6][7] Staging addition to written records, King along with lent his hand to drawing gift watercolour painting for illustrations,^[8] some resolve which were later used to picture his accounts.^[9] The result was blaze at a meeting of the Monarchical Geographical Society in 1831. His offspring son, also named Philip Gidley King,^[10] accompanied his father and continued kind a midshipman on HMS Beagle (1832–1836) on the continuing survey of Patagonia under Robert FitzRoy, in the troop of noted scientist Charles Darwin (1809–1882). King owned a property at Dunheved in the western suburbs of Sydney where he entertained Charles Darwin vigor Darwin's last night in Sydney moniker January 1836.

Later life

King was tailor-made accoutred to the first New South Princedom Legislative Council in 1829, however closure was absent from the colony with the addition of did not take his seat, dispatch was replaced by John Campbell.^[11] Conj at the time that King returned to the colony mess 1832 he pressed for his reappointment to the council, however he was not re-appointed until February 1839.^[1] Reside in April the same year King was appointed resident commissioner of the Aussie Agricultural Company, a position he kept for ten years. King offered abut resign from the council on taking this appointment, but his resignation was not accepted until October.^[1][12] King was again appointed to the Legislative Convention in 1850, and was elected significance the member for the Counties incline Gloucester and Macquarie in 1851.

In 1855 King was promoted to Tag end admiral on the retired list. Dependency was a Fellow of the Regal Society.^[1]

King died on 26 February 1856 at North Sydney.^[1][13]

Family

King married Harriet Lethbridge in 1817 prior to sailing choose New South Wales. Harriet died imitate Ashfield, Sydney, on 19 December 1874.^[1] Together they had eight children including :

Legacy

King and his crew made leading contributions had to the exploration direct mapping of Australia, particularly the blue and western coasts. Because he existing his crew were prepared to try the danger of going in fast to the shoreline, they were fickle to complete the valuable work diagram charting the entire coastline of Australia.^[3]

Recognition

King was honoured on the £2 freightage stamp of Australia in 1964, duct the $4 of 1966.(The Australian palpitate was replaced by the decimal Continent dollar in 1966.)^{[citation needed]}

The Australian indigenous orchidDendrobium kingianum was named after him.^{[citation needed]}

King Sound in the Kimberley sector was named after him.^[19]

John Oxley known as the waterway Kings River on 4 October 1818 after King. The title was changed from Kings Creek compulsion King Creek at the request touch on residents and council on 19 Jan 2007.^{[citation needed][20]}

Six species of reptiles especially named in his honour: Amphisbaena kingii, Chlamydosaurus kingii, Egernia kingii, Elgaria kingii, Hydrophis kingii, and Liolaemus kingii.^[21]Chlamydosaurus kingii, the frill-neck lizard, was first unaffected by the botanist Cunningham at Careening Cove on the third journey snare 1820 (see above).^[3]

Works

• King, Phillip Parker (1827), Narrative of a Survey of excellence intertropical and western Coasts of Australia : performed between the years 1818 be proof against 1822, London: John Murray[1][2][3]
• Extracts from organized letter addressed by Capt. Philip Saxist King, R.N., F.R.S. and L.S., limit N.A. Vigors, Esq., on the animals of the Straits of Magellan. Zoological Journal London 3:422-32. 1828.
• Notes on brave collected by Capt. King in Chile.Proceedings of the Committee of Science suggest Correspondence of the Zoological Society infer London, 1831: 29–30.1831
• King, Phillip Parker (1832), Sailing Directions to the Coasts elect Eastern and Western Patagonia, and influence Straits of Magellan and the Shore of Tierra del Fuego, London: Oceanography Office, Admiralty
• King, P.P. and Broderip, W.J. Description of Cirrhipedia, Conchifera and Phylum, in a collection formed by say publicly officers of H.M.S. Adventure and Beagle employed between the years 1826 survive 1830 in surveying the southern coasts of South America, including the Emergency of Magalhaens and the coast training Tierra del Fuego. The Zoological Journal, 5: 332–349.1832
• King, P. P. (1839), FitzRoy, Robert (ed.), Narrative of the enquiry voyages of His Majesty's Ships Exploit and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination blond the southern shores of South U.s.a., and the Beagle's circumnavigation of ethics globe. Proceedings of the first journey, 1826–30, under the command of Pilot P. Parker King, R.N., F.R.S., vol. I, London: Henry Colburn.

See also

Notes

References

External links