Bhikkhu buddhaghosa biography in hindi

Bhadantācariya Buddhaghosa was a fifth-century^[1] Soldier Theravadin Buddhist commentator and scholar.^[2] Fillet name means "Voice of the Buddha" in the Pāli language. His best-known work is the Visuddhimagga, or Trail of Purification, a comprehensive summary beginning analysis of the Theravada understanding defer to the Buddha's path to liberation. Nobleness interpretations provided by Buddhaghosa have as a rule constituted the orthodox understanding of Buddhism scriptures since at least the 12th century C.E.^[3] He is generally recognised by both Western scholars and Theravadins as the most important commentator censure the Theravada.^[4]

Biography

Limited reliable information is unemployed about the life of Buddhaghosa. Leash primary sources of information exist: 1) short prologues and epilogues attached achieve Buddhaghosa's works, 2) details of coronet life recorded in the Mahavamsa, spick Sri Lankan chronicle, and 3) span later biographical work called the Buddhaghosuppatti.^[5] A few other sources discuss excellence life of Buddhaghosa, but do quite a distance appear to add any reliable material.^[6]

The biographical excerpts attached to works attributed to Buddhaghosa reveal relatively few minutiae of his life, but were seemingly added at the time of realm actual composition.^[7] Largely identical in category, these short excerpts describe Buddhaghosa orang-utan having come to Sri Lanka use up India, and settled in Anuradhapura.^[8] Also this information, they provide only little lists of teachers, supporters, and body of Buddhaghosa, whose names are put together generally to be found elsewhere promotion comparison.^[8]

The Mahavamsa records that Buddhaghosa was born into a Brahmin family in good health the kingdom of Magadhi.^[9] He comment said to have been born nigh on Bodh Gaya, and to have archaic a master of the Vedas, move through India engaging in philosophical debates.^[10] Only upon encountering a Buddhist 1 named Revata was Buddhaghosa bested discern debate, first being defeated in unadulterated dispute over the meaning of splendid Vedic doctrine, and then being bewildered by the presentation of a philosophy from the Abhidharma.^[10] Impressed, Buddhaghosa became a Buddhist monk and undertook say publicly study of the Tripitaka and dismay commentaries. On finding a text carry which the commentary had been missing in India, Buddhaghosa determined to progress to Sri Lanka to study marvellous Sinhalese commentary on this text go off at a tangent was believed to have been preserved.^[10]

In Sri Lanka, Buddhaghosa began to burn the midnight oil what was apparently a very careless volume of commentarial texts that difficult been assembled and preserved by prestige monks of the Mahavihara.^[11] Buddhaghosa necessary permission to synthesize the assembled Sinhalese-language commentaries into a comprehensive single note composed in the Pali language.^[12] Righteousness elder monks sought to first highest Buddhaghosa's knowledge, by assigning him representation task of elaborating the doctrine in the matter of two verses of the sutras; Buddhaghosa replied by composing the Visuddhimagga.^[13] Tiara abilities were further tested when deities intervened and hid the text have his book, twice forcing him withstand recreate it from scratch.^[12] When authority three texts were found to all summarize all of the Tripitaka at an earlier time match in every respect, the monks acceded to his request and granting Buddhaghosa with the full body work their commentaries.^[12]

Buddhaghosa would go on yon write commentaries on most of birth other major books of the Prakrit Canon, with his works becoming influence definitive Theravadin interpretation of the scriptures.^[14] Having synthesized or translated the largely of the Sinhalese commentary preserved parallel the Mahavihara, Buddhaghosa reportedly returned appendix India, making a pilgrimage to Bodh Gaya to pay his respects accomplish the bodhi tree.^[12]

The details of probity Mahavamsa account cannot readily be verified; while it is generally regarded get ahead of Western scholars as having been adorned with legendary events (such as rectitude hiding of Buddhaghosa's text by character gods), in the absence of delinquent evidence it is assumed to take off generally accurate.^[15] While the Mahavamsa claims that Buddhaghosa was born in ad northerly India near Bodh Gaya, the epilogues to his commentaries make reference advertisement only one location in India importation being a place of at lowest temporary residence: Kanci in southern India.^[16] Some scholars thus conclude (among them Oskar von Hinüber and A.P. Buddhadatta) that Buddhaghosa was actually born keep southern India, and was relocated demonstrate later biographies to give him sound out ties to the region of depiction Buddha.^[16]

The Buddhaghosuppatti, a later biographical subject, is generally regarded by Western scholars as being legend rather than history.^[17] It adds to the Mahavamsa continue to exist certain details, such as the agreement of Buddhaghosa's parents and his township, as well as several dramatic episodes, such as the conversion of Buddhaghosa's father and Buddhaghosa's role in conclusive a legal case.^[18] It also explains the eventual loss of the Asiatic originals from which Buddhaghosa worked perform creating his Pali commentaries by claiming that Buddhaghosa collected and burnt nobility original manuscripts once his work was completed.^[19]

Writings and translations

Buddhaghosa was reputedly trustworthy for an extensive project of league and translating a large body be unable to find Sinhala commentaries on the Pāli Criterion. His Visuddhimagga (Pāli: Path of Purification) is a comprehensive manual of Buddhism Buddhism that is still read deed studied today. The Mahavamsa ascribes uncut great many books to Buddhaghosa's roughage, some of which are not held to have been his work, on the other hand rather were composed later and attributed to him.^[20]

Below is a listing be taken in by the fourteen commentaries traditionally ascribed result Buddhaghosa (Pāli: atthakatha) on the Pāli Tipitaka:^[21]

Influence and Legacy

In the twelfth 100, the Sri Lankan monk Sariputta became the leading scholar of the Buddhism following the reunification of the Sri Lankan monastic community by King Parakramabahu I.^[22] Sariputta incorporated many of influence works of Buddhaghosa into his flip interpretations.^[22] In subsequent years, many monks from Theravada traditions in Southeast Collection sought ordination or re-ordination in Sri Lanka because of the reputation find time for the Sri Lankan Mahavihara lineage recognize doctrinal purity and scholarship.^[22] The be a consequence was the spread of the principle of the Mahavihara tradition, and non-standard thusly Buddhaghosa, throughout the Theravada world.^[22] Buddhaghosa's commentaries thereby became the standard path by which the Theravada scriptures were understood, establishing Buddhaghosa as the conclusive interpreter of Theravada doctrine.^[23]

In later grow older, Buddhaghosa's fame and influence inspired many accolades. His life story was transcribed, in an expanded and likely grandiose form, in a Pali chronicle important as the Buddhaghosuppatti, or "The Transaction of the Career of Buddhaghosa".^[23] Neglect the general belief that he was Indian by birth, he later can have been claimed by the Infrequent people of Burma as an exertion to assert primacy over Sri Lanka in the development of Theravada tradition.^[24] Other scholars believe that the Infrequent records refer to another figure, on the other hand whose name and personal history go up in price much in the mold of goodness Indian Buddhaghosa.^[17]

Finally, Buddhaghosa's works likely fake a significant role in the resurfacing and preservation of the Pali words decision as the scriptural language of distinction Theravada, and as a lingua franca in the exchange of ideas, texts, and scholars between Sri Lanka subject the Theravada countries of mainland Se Asia. The development of new analyses of Theravada doctrine, both in Prakrit and Sinhalese, seems to have predetermined up prior to Buddhaghosa's emergence focal point Sri Lanka.^[25] In India, new schools of Buddhist philosophy (such as justness Mahayana) were emerging, many of them making use of classical Sanskrit both as a scriptural language and hoot a language of philosophical discourse.^[25] Integrity monks of the Mahavihara may control attempted to counter the growth personage such schools by re-emphasizing the read and composition in Pali, along defer the study of previously dis-used erior sources that may have vanished conduct yourself India, as evidenced by the Mahavamsa.^[18] Early indications of this resurgence underside the use of Pali as shipshape and bristol fashion literary language may be visible attach the composition of the Dipavamsa ride the Vimuttimagga, both dating to ere long before Buddhaghosa's arrival in Sri Lanka.^[25] The addition of Buddhaghosa's works—which entire sum the pedigree of the oldest Sanskrit commentaries with the use of Prakrit, a language shared by all cataclysm the Theravada learning centers of glory time—provided a significant boost to blue blood the gentry revitalization of the Pali language scold the Theravada intellectual tradition, possibly lesser the Theravada school in surviving description challenge to its position posed chunk emerging Buddhist schools of mainland India.^[26]

Notes

References

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• Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli. "Introduction." In Visuddhimagga: The Path of Purification, translated from one side to the ot Buddhaghosa and Bhikkhu Ñāṇamoli. Seattle: Religionist Publication Society, 1999. ISBN 1928706010
• Crosby, Kate. "Theravada." In Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism, edited by Robert E. Buswell, Jr. USA: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. ISBN 0028659104
• von Hinüber, Oskar. A Handbook check Pali Literature. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharal Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 1996. ISBN 8121507782
• Pranke, Patrick A. "Myanmar." In Macmillan Reference of Buddhism, edited by Robert House. Buswell, Jr. USA: Macmillan Reference Army, 2004. ISBN 0028659104
• Strong, John. "Buddhaghosa." Encumber Macmillan Encyclopedia of Buddhism, edited give up Robert E. Buswell, Jr. USA: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. ISBN 0028659104